我国低Cr高W系列铸造镍基高温合金的发展与应用

介绍了20世纪60年代以来我国五家研究机构共同研制低Cr高W铸造镍基高温合金的研究背景和发展历程.通过对300余炉合金成分和铸造工艺的调整,深化了对C,B,Zr,Co和Nb等元素在合金中作用的认识,对合金中α-W、初生M6C、初生μ相和Ni5Zr等反常相的形成条件、有害作用以及避免措施作了深入研究,最终开发出了K19,K19H,K20,K21和601低Cr高W系列合金,在1000～1100℃温度范围内合金的高温承温能力比同年代合金高10～30℃.但是该系列合金最终没有在航空发动机上得到应用,由此引发的思考也在文中加以论述.     

硫酸环境电解对热等静压钛合金性能的影响北大核心CSCD

酸环境电解去除包套是热等静压成形复杂钛合金构件的关键工序之一。针对目前酸环境电解对热等静压钛合金性能影响研究较少的现状,研究在40℃的硫酸溶液中,不同电解时间对热等静压TA15钛合金表面钝化膜、氢含量和力学性能的影响。结果表明:电解时间分别为15、30、45、60 d时,热等静压TA15钛合金表面钝化膜厚度逐渐增加,到60 d时钝化膜厚度达到了175.3μm;氢含量在15 d时增幅非常小,平均值低于2×10^(-5),30 d后则显著增加,到60 d时平均氢含量达到5.4×10^(-4);热等静压TA15材料屈服和抗拉强度随着电解时间的延长逐渐降低,塑性变化不大。硫酸环境电解直接影响热等静压钛合金材料的表面质量和力学性能,后续需强化工艺控制。     

舞弊审计的方法及内容

文章从舞弊审计的主要特点、舞弊审计应与一般会计报表审计有机结合、舞弊审计的主要方法、舞弊审计的侧重内容等4方面，对如何实施舞弊审计进行了研究和探讨。     

结冰风洞液态水含量测量装置设计与实现

结冰风洞与常规风洞的重要区别就是结冰风洞能够模拟真实大气结冰云雾环境,研究飞行器的结冰特性,因此结冰云雾参数的模拟是结冰风洞主要而且关键的能力。液态水含量是结冰风洞云雾参数中一项重要参数,其准确测量是结冰试验开展的基本前提。冰刀法测量液态水含量在国内外被广泛认可,且冰刀装置作为风洞校测基本手段,写入了结冰风洞校准规范。针对结冰风洞中用于液态水含量测量的冰刀装置,根据其测量原理制定了试验方案;提出了整套装置设计的技术指标并指出其中的技术难点;对总体结构进行了设计,并对关键受力部件进行了强度、刚度分析;进行了关键技术研究,包括冰刀液态水收集系数计算和驱动控制系统设计等;最后将设计出的冰刀装置在结冰风洞中进行了试验验证。试验结果表明：冰刀装置设计合理,液态水收集效果良好,实现了结冰风洞液态水含量的测量标定,且防护罩开闭迅速,实现了结冰时间的精确控制,满足技术指标要求。     

Climatology of global,hemispheric and regional electron content variations during the solar cycles 23 and 24

We present the results of study on the variations of ionospheric total electron content (TEC) by using global, hemispheric, and regional electron contents computed from the global ionospheric maps (GIMs) for the period from 1999 to 2020. For a low and moderate solar activity, the global and regional electron contents vary linearly with solar 10.7 cm radio flux and EUV flux. While a saturation effect in the electron content verses EUV and F10.7 is found during the high solar activity periods at all regions, the maximum effect is observed at low-latitudes followed by high and mid-latitudes region. The extent of saturation effect is more pronounced for F10.7 as compared to EUV. A wavelet transform is applied to global and hemispheric electron contents to examine the relative strength of different variations. The semi-annual variations dominate in the northern hemisphere, whereas annual variations dominate in the southern counterpart. The amplitude of annual variations in southern hemisphere is found to be higher than northern counterpart at all latitudes. This asymmetry in the amplitude of annual variation is maximum at low-latitudes, followed by mid and high-latitudes, respectively. The semi-annual variations are in-phase in both hemisphere and follow the solar cycle. The northern hemisphere depicts relatively large amplitude of semi-annual variations and exhibit the maximum effect at high-latitudes.     

粉煤灰混凝土与钢筋粘结性能试验(英文)

采用钢筋开槽内贴应变片的试验方法,研究粉煤灰掺量对粉煤灰混凝土与钢筋粘结性能的影响。在不同的粉煤灰掺量下给出粘结应力-自由端滑移的关系曲线、钢筋应变-锚固位置的关系曲线、粘结应力-锚固位置的关系曲线。结果表明:掺加粉煤灰可以提高混凝土与钢筋的粘结应力;掺粉煤灰的混凝土拉拔试件钢筋应变沿锚固长度上的分布更均匀;粉煤灰掺量为20%的拉拔试件的极限粘结应力和极限滑移值均较大。     

Variation of ionospheric total electron content at crest of equatorial anomaly in China from 1997 to 2004

The periodic variation of TEC data at Xiamen station (geographic coordinate: 24.4°N, 118.1°E; geomagnetic coordinate: 13.2°N, 187.4°E) at crest of equatorial anomaly in China from 1997 to 2004 is analyzed. The characteristic of TEC association with solar activity and geomagnetic activity are also analyzed. The method of continuous wavelet, cross wavelet and wavelet coherence transform methods have been used. Analysis results show that long-term variations of TEC at Xiamen station are mainly controlled by the variations of solar activities. Several remarkable components including 128–256 days, 256–512 days and 512–1024 days exist in TEC variations. The TEC data at Xiamen station is in anti-phase with geomagnetic Dst index in semiannual time-scale, but this response only exists during high solar activity. Diurnal variation of TEC is studied for different seasons. Some features like the semiannual anomaly and winter anomaly in TEC have been reported.     

过冷大水滴飞溅特性数值分析

针对过冷大水滴（SLD）撞击结冰表面的飞溅现象,开发了基于欧拉法的二维算法程序,该程序将LEWICE飞溅模型和FENSAP飞溅模型耦合到水滴流场控制方程中进行求解,实现了对SLD撞击特性的准定常计算。根据水滴飞溅模型中对于飞溅生成子水滴质量和速度等信息的定义,通过定义控制方程中的源项,将其耦合到控制方程的求解中,进而研究水滴飞溅效应对于撞击特性的影响。研究发现,由于水滴的飞溅作用,导致翼型壁面附近的液态水含量（LWC）分布发生变化;通过对上述两种典型的SLD飞溅模型进行计算分析,发现了SLD撞击特性的一些共性和不同,并揭示了SLD撞击效应的一般特点。     

基于特征正交分解法的翼型结冰冰形快速预测

为加快翼型结冰冰形的计算速度,提出了一套基于特征正交分解(POD)法的结冰冰形快速预测算法.通过计算流体动力学(CFD)数值模拟计算得到的冰形结果作为样本,以结冰温度单参数变化时为例,详细介绍了POD法预测结冰冰形的实现步骤.考虑结冰温度、结冰时间以及液态水含量的影响,完成了单参数、两参数与三参数变化时的POD结冰冰形快速预测.通过算例结果发现:完成POD预测计算只需几秒钟且POD法与CFD法得到的冰形吻合较好,仅在冰角附近有较小差别,表明POD方法能够快速、准确地得到翼型的结冰冰形.      

Near real-time modeling of global ionospheric vertical total electron content using hourly IGS data

The International GNSS Service (IGS) has been providing reliable Global Ionospheric Maps (GIMs) since 1998. The Ionosphere Associate Analysis Centers (IAACs) model the global ionospheric Total Electron Content (TEC) and generate the daily GIM products within the context of the IGS. However, the rapid and final daily GIM products have a latency of at least one day and one week or so, respectively. This limits the value of GIM products in real-time GNSS applications. We propose and develop an approach for near real-time modeling of global ionospheric TEC by using the hourly IGS data. We perform an experiment in a real operating environment to generate near real-time GIM (named BUHG) products for more than two years. Final daily GIM products, Precise Point Positioning (PPP) based VTEC resources, and JASON-3 Vertical TEC (VTEC) measurements are collected for testing the performance of BUHG. The results show that the performance of BUHG is very close to that of the daily GIM products. Also, there is good agreement between BUHG and PPP-derived VTEC as well as with JASON-3 VTEC. It is possible that BUHG would be further improved with an increase in available hourly GNSS data.